Combination-tool of precision.



No. 455 037; Patented lune 5,1900."

I c, n. HAWKINS.

COMBINATION TOOL OF PRECISION.

(Application file?! Feb. 26, 1.898.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

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No. 651,037. Patented June 5, I900. C. B. HAWKINS.

COMBINATIONTUOL 0F PRECISION.

(Application filed Feb. 26, 1896.) (N ModeL) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OEEIoE.

CHARLES R. HAWKINS, OF NEWPORT, KENTUCKY, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF.

TO JOHN I. MARTIN, OF SAME PLACE.

COMBINATION-TOOL OF PRECISION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 651,037, dated June 5, 1900.

' Application filed. February 26, 1896. Serial No. 580,889. (No model.)

T0 aZZ whom it 11mg concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES R. HAWKINS, a citizen of the United States, and formerly a resident of the city: of Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State'of Ohio,but now a resident of the city of Newport, in the county of Campbell and State of Kentucky, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Combination-Tools of Preci.

of the square and the scale set therewith, so-

as to form a combined tool called the center-square. Fig. 4: is an elevation of the square and the scale set in a position which forms a combination-tool called the T- square.

a position as to form a combination-tool called the depth-gage. Fig. 6 is an edge elevation of the tool shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is an elevation of the square and of the scriber set in a certain position to illustrate the use of.

such combined tool in ascertaining whether a hole is being drilled at the desired angle. Fig. 8, Sheet 2, is an elevation of the front side of the square and of the level and illustrating how to get a right or left hand angle by means of it and also illustrating its position when it is to be used for certain purposes as, for example, setting a door at the righthand jamb. Fig. 9 is an elevation of the square and of the level set in such a manner as to hang a door at the left-hand jamb. Fig. 10 is an edge view of the tool as shown in Fig. 9, that edge being shown which faces toward the left in Fig. 9. Fig. ll is a repetition, on a larger scale, of the combined tool as shown in Fig. l, a portion of the same at the left-hand being broken away to economize room and set next to Fig. 12 to enable latface of the section being seen which faces toward the right hand of Fig. 11.

Fig. 5 is an elevationiof the square. and of the scriber combined therewith in such ter to be the more easily understood. Fig. 12 is a vertical central transverse section in the plane of the dotted line 12 12 of Fig. 11, that A indicates the thin fiat square of a peculiar, novel, and advantageous shape, viz: Its

general shape is that of a triangle of which the long side. or hypotenuse is indicated byt6o the character A and the other two sides by the respective characters A and A. In the side A I cut or form a right-angled recess, one of whose sides, 13*, is parallel to the line of the hypotenuse A and the other side, B is at right angles to the said hypotenuse. Such formation qualifies the square to be used as an inside and outside square and also gives the carpenter or scriber a convenient tool for scribing inside and outside angles.

My combination; tool when arranged as shown in Fig. 3 becomes a center-square. In this the scale Ois set as shown in this Fig. 3, the longitudinal lines of the scale being parallel to the side A of the square A. The pro-. jection of the scale 0 beyond the hypote-z nuse'viz., side A of the square-is of benefit, as a rule, to enable aworkman when bor 'ing a hole to ascertain whether the hole is.

being bored at the desired angle in reference to'that surface of the thing bored at which: the hole begins. It is to be noted that the scale can be set at any desired angle with reference to any of the sides A A A, as desired. By setting the scale at a right angle to one of the sides of the square, as A or A (see Fig. 4,) the combination is converted into a T-. square and can be used as such. This combination is qualified to be used as a depthgage, (see Figs. 3 and 4,) and this can be accomplished by moving the scale back and forth and setting it to project beyond the square the depth desired. By removing the scale C from the square A and setting the scriber on the square at any desired side of the same the tool becomes a scriber or scratch, substantially as shown in Fig. 5.v By moving the scriber in or out of its holder, and thereby lengtheningit as to a given side of the square, the marks for work to any desired width can be made. By altering the position of the scriber and bringingits rear end to a straight ICO side of the square, substantially as shown in Fig. 7, one can employ the rear end of the scriber as an angle-gage to determine whether a hole is bored correctly at a given angle. D indicates the scribing-point of the scriber.

Fig. 8 illustrates the mode in which the combination of the square and the level L are combined. \Vhen set in one position, it gives a right-hand angle and in a certain other position gives a left-hand angle, and the tool can thus respectively be used to adjust and hang adoor to a right-hand jamb (see Fig. 8) ortoa left-handjamb, (see Fig. 9,) as the case may be. Obviously the level can be so set in relation to the square as to enable other articles to be located at a given angle in relation to a vertical line. By removing the square from the level the latter can be used as an ordinary level. The following important feature of construction is to be carefully noted.

The scale is held in a rotatable device E, centered in the square A and turning therein. This'device is for the purpose of obtaining the greatest benefits of the square A and the tools combined therewith, and is therefore located so that its axial center is located in a median straight line drawn from the point where the sides A and A meet to the side A and making a right angle with the latter.

1 Such location enables the scale or the scriber or level, as the case may be, to be rotated at a central point in relation to the square A, as seen.

The preferred mode of enabling the rotatable device E to hold and turn with the tools to be combined with the square is as follows: The thumb-screw E has below it a broad concentric disk E containing two undercut recesses E and E the recess E of a size to take most of the thickness of the scale C and the recess E adapted to receive most of the thickness of the scriber D. The shank ES of the thumb-screw E passes through the square and is on that side duly held bya nut EN. A washer EW, concentric with the shank ES, is located on the latter and lies on the square next below the disk E subject to the insertion of the scale C or scriber D, or both, between the said flange and washer. lvllelreither said scale or said scriber, orboth, are in place in their respective recesses and between the flange and the washer, the thumbnut EN is tightened, and either or both of the said tools, as the case may be, is held in place tightly and against the square.

Upon the face of the square and around the thumb-nut is placed an arcual line or circle of'graduations F, and in connection there with a suitable mark or graduations are placed on the disk E of the thumb-screw. By these means the scale and the scriber can be respectively correctly set in proper location. in reference to the square as they are to be used. The thumb-screw is then tightened, pressing the scale or the scriber against the washer, and thus compressing the tool be tween the flange of the thumb-screw and the square. The tool can be readily withdrawn by loosening the thumb-screw.

The relation of the recess B to the square A in order that the scale may, in connection with the square A, operate as a center-square, as shown in Fig. 3, is as follows: The recess is so cut or formed that when the left edge 0 of the scale 0 is exactly in the mid-point H between the respective outer ends BL and ER of the sides B and B the inner end IEB of side B will just touch or end at the extended plane of that edge of the scale which is toward the hypotenuse A Thus-a competent working center-square is secured.

The level L has a flange L and the end of shank ES of the thumb-screw passes through the 'liange L and the nut EN on the thumbscrew enables the flange L of the level L to be tightened between the said nut and the square and set in any desired position as to the square. Graduations LS on that face of the square next to the level, marked in an are around the axis of thumb-screw shank, and graduations EN on the flange L of the level enable the latter to be properly located with reference to the square before the thumb-screw and nut setit there.

It will be observed that the washer EW has an upturned flange EW which, in connection with the recess E of the thumb-nut flange, operates to hold and steady the scale when set by the tightening of the thumbscrew.

As will be observed, the entire tool is remarkably compact, simple of construction, and easyof adjustment. It is, moreover, economical of manufacture.

\Vhen desired, the thread on the screwshank ES may engage a screw-thread in the square, and this will obviously be. desirable when the level L is dispensed with. By omitting the nut EN and that part of the shank ES which projects through and beyond the square the latter canbe laid flat for its entire extent.

What I claim as new and of my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a right-angled triangular piece, the right-angled recess B, located in one of the sides of the right angle and leaving those portions of the said side at each side of the recess equal, the recess 13 stopping short of the center, and the adjustable scale-holding device and the scale set therein, which latter when set as a center-square, has one edge at a central point between the points BR and BL, and also in the coincident plane of the corner I E B, and forming an acute angle with the hypotenuse equal to an opposite acute angle formed by the scale and that side of the recess B, which is parallel to the hypotenuse, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

2. In combination, the graduated triangular piece, and the measuring or marking tool, and the graduated level L with holding-flange L and the double thumb-screw having the thumb-piece 11 on one side of the square, and a screw-shank, and the recessed washer, receiving said measuring or marking tool, and the washer EW, the latter having the upturned flange EW substantially as and for the purposes specified.

3. In combination, the graduated triangular piece, and the measuring or marking tool, and the graduated levelL with holding-flange L and the double thumb-screw having the thumb-piece E on one side of the square, and a screw-shank, and the recessed washer, receiving said measuring or marking tool, and

the washer EW', the latter having the upturned flange EW and the thumb-piece EN engaging the screw-shank of the thumb-nut E and the level L located on that side of the square which is opposite Where nut E and washer EW, and the marking and measuring tools are located, the thumb-nut EN being 20 CHARLES R. HAXVKINS.

Attest:

WM. E. JONES, K. SMITH. 

